Speech Therapy: When & How to Seek Support
What to Do If You Think Your Child Is Behind with Talking
Introduction
Every child develops at their own pace, but as a parent, it’s natural to worry if your child doesn’t seem to be talking as much as other children their age. While some children are early talkers, others take a little more time to find their voice. If you have concerns about your child’s speech development, it’s important to address them as soon as possible. Early intervention is of utmost importance if there is a deeper issue. This guide aims to provide you with the information and resources you need to understand basic speech development. It will also guide you to take appropriate steps if you or your pediatrician have concerns.
Understanding Speech and Language Development
Before diving into what to do if your child is behind in talking, it’s crucial to understand the basics of speech and language development. Speech refers to the ability to produce sounds and words. Language encompasses the broader system of understanding and using words to communicate.
Key Milestones:
By 12 months: Most babies say a few basic words like "mama" or "dada" and understand simple instructions. Currently, my 1-year old is not using true intentional words, (i.e., calling for "Dada." However, he is babbling a lot, saying things such as "dadadada." He is also using a variety of consonants, such as /b/, /m/, and /n/, which is very important. For these reasons, I'm not worried about his speech at this time. If your child is using mostly or all vowel sounds, that is a reason to meet with a speech therapist.
By 18 months: Children typically have a vocabulary of about 10-20 words. They are able to name people in their family, make some animal noises, name common animals or pets, or request favorite foods/drinks.
By 2 years: Toddlers usually know about 50 words and can form two-word sentences like "want cookie," or "big doggie."
By 3 years: Children can form simple sentences, use pronouns, and are often understood by familiar adults.
If your child is not meeting these milestones, it might be time to seek further consultation from a speech therapist. Please keep in mind that speech and language delay can increase the risk for difficulty in school - in particular, with reading skills. EARLY INTERVENTION is the way to lessen the risk of academic difficulties later in life.
Recognizing the Signs of a Speech Delay
Speech and language delays can manifest in various ways. Here are some signs to watch for:
By 12 months: Not using gestures (like pointing or waving) or not responding to their name.
By 18 months: Limited vocabulary (less than 10 words) and difficulty imitating sounds.
By 2 years: Not combining words into simple phrases and difficulty following simple instructions. For example, your 2-year old should be able to, "Give it to Mommy," or "Pick up the car."
By 3 years: Unclear speech, difficulty forming sentences, and limited vocabulary.
It’s important to remember that each child is unique, and a delay in one area of development does not necessarily indicate a long-term issue. However, if you notice these signs, it’s worth exploring further. A speech therapist will be able to tell you if your child is falling behind, and if so, recommend next steps.
Taking your child to "therapy" may sound scary, but in my experience, children LOVE speech therapy. Sessions for young children consist of playing games and doing engaging activities. Speech therapists set up the environment to promote communication. They can also teach you how to do the same kind of thing at home!
Common Causes of Speech Delays
Speech delays can result from various factors, some of which include:
Hearing loss: Even mild hearing loss can affect speech development. Hearing loss may be caused by ear infections.
Oral-motor problems: Difficulty with the muscles used for speech can hinder a child’s ability to form words.
Developmental disorders: Conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or other developmental disorders can impact speech and language. Premature babies are also at a higher risk for speech and language delays.
Environmental factors: Limited exposure to language or social interaction can delay speech development. Children who have experienced trauma may also fall behind on their speech and language development.
Understanding the potential causes can help guide the steps you take next.
Steps to Take if You Suspect a Speech Delay
If you’re concerned about your child’s speech development, taking proactive steps is essential. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate this journey:
1. Observe and Document
Start by observing your child’s behavior and noting specific concerns. If you want to go above and beyond, write down what sounds or words your child says. This record will be valuable when discussing your concerns with a professional, such as a speech therapist.
2. Schedule a Hearing Test
Hearing is fundamental to speech development. Schedule a hearing test with an audiologist to rule out any hearing issues. Hearing impairment might be affecting your child’s ability to learn and produce speech sounds.
3. Consult with Your Pediatrician
Share your observations and concerns with your child's pediatrician. Ask for a referral to a speech therapist. Pediatricians can provide initial screenings and guide you on the next steps. If you feel you want to talk to a speech therapist, even if your pediatrician says to 'wait and see,' listen to your gut. I've talked to numerous parents whose pediatricians told them to wait. Then, when they do finally see me for an evaluation, their child is far behind in their skills. Many speech therapists, including myself, offer free consultations - take advantage of these. We are happy to give advice, even if you don't end up coming to see us for therapy! Early intervention is SO important!
4. Get a Speech-Language Evaluation
A speech therapist will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of your child’s speech and language skills. This assessment typically includes:
A review of your child’s developmental history.
Observations of how your child communicates and interacts. A speech therapist uses play and engaging activities to interact with your child.
Standardized tests to measure specific aspects of speech and language.
The speech therapist will then provide a diagnosis and recommend a treatment plan if needed.
5. Follow Through with Recommended Therapy
If your child is diagnosed with a speech or language delay, early intervention is crucial. Speech therapy can make a significant difference in helping your child catch up. Here’s what to expect:
Frequency: Therapy sessions are typically scheduled once or twice a week.
Activities: Therapy may involve play-based activities and strategies to enhance language skills.
Parental Involvement: Your active participation is essential. The speech therapist will provide strategies and simple ways for you to practice at home with your child.
6. Create a Language-Rich Environment
Supporting your child’s speech development at home is equally important. Here are some tips to create a language-rich environment:
Talk to your child: Engage in conversations throughout the day. Talk out loud and describe what you’re doing. This models relevant language as your child is watching you.
Read together: Reading books is a fantastic way to expose your child to new words and ideas.
Respond to your child: When your child says something, even if its nonsense, say something back. This models turn taking as well as positively reinforces your child's attempts at communicating. When my son says, "nananana," I repeat what he says, "nananana," or I respond to what he might have meant in that situation. For example, I might say, "Yes, you are playing with your truck...vroom vroom."
Play and interact: Playtime offers natural opportunities for language learning. Games, puzzles, and pretend play can all stimulate speech development. Your child has a bond and relationship with you - use that to provide language opportunities!
Limit screen time: Interactive play and real-world experiences are FAR more beneficial than passive screen time.
The Role of Early Intervention
Early intervention can significantly impact a child’s speech and language development. Research shows that children who receive speech therapy early on tend to make faster progress and are more likely to catch up with their peers. If you’re concerned, don’t wait to seek help. The sooner your child receives support, the better their chances of success. And again, take advantage of a free consultation.
Supporting Your Child Emotionally
A speech delay can be challenging for both you and your child. It’s important to offer emotional support and encouragement. Here are some tips:
Be patient: Progress may be slow, but consistent effort and positive reinforcement can make a big difference.
Celebrate successes: Recognize and celebrate small achievements to build your child’s confidence.
Stay positive: Maintain a positive attitude and avoid expressing frustration in front of your child.
Connect with others: Connecting with other parents in similar situations can provide valuable support. Consider online groups or in person support groups.
When to Seek Additional Support
In some cases, speech delays may be part of a broader developmental issue. If you notice other concerns, it may be helpful to seek a comprehensive evaluation from a developmental pediatrician or psychologist. Other concerns may include difficulties with social interaction, repetitive behaviors, or challenges with motor skills.
Resources for Parents
There are many resources available to support parents and children with speech delays. Here are a few to consider:
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA): Offers information on speech and language development, as well as a directory of certified speech therapists.
Early Intervention Programs: Many states and counties offer early intervention services for children under three years old. These programs provide assessments and therapy services.
Local Support Groups: Connecting with other parents can provide emotional support and practical advice.
Books and Websites: There are numerous books and online resources that offer tips and strategies for supporting speech development.
Conclusion
If you’re concerned that your child is behind with talking, it’s important to take action and seek support. By observing your child, consulting with professionals, and creating a language-rich environment, you can help your child develop the speech and language skills they need to thrive. Remember, every child is unique, and with the right support, they can achieve their full potential. Don’t hesitate to reach out for help and take the necessary steps to support your child’s development.