Understanding Dyslexia: A Guide for Parents

Welcome to my second blog post! As the owner of Sunflower Speech & Reading, LLC, I'm here to offer support, empathy, and information to other parents of children with dyslexia. My goal is to help you navigate your child's dyslexia journey. Dyslexia is a learning difference that affects as many as 1 in 5 children. Understanding dyslexia and recognizing its symptoms can empower you to support your child to the best of your ability. Let's dive into the world of dyslexia and unravel its complexities. We will also celebrate the unique strengths of individuals with dyslexia - fun fact - there are many!

What is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is a learning disability. In my opinion, “disability” is a strong word - I like the word “difference.” People with dyslexia can learn all the same information as a typical learner, but they may need to learn it “differently".

As mentioned above, people with dyslexia often have normal cognition. This means that they can learn other information at a typical rate.

It is important to note that dyslexia is not JUST about seeing letters backward; it's about how the brain processes language. The disability of dyslexia can fall in one or two areas of language: visual (what the child sees) or auditory (what the child hears).

There can be secondary consequences of dyslexia. These may include reduced reading experiences. When we read less, we are exposed to less vocabulary and background knowledge. This may result in problems with reading comprehension.

What Causes Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is neurobiological in origin. Neurobiology refers to the way our brain and nervous system work together. It includes the physical and chemical processes in our brain. In other words, it’s the natural makeup of our brain, or how we were born. We use our neurobiology to experience and process our environment and learn information. Therefore, dyslexia is a result of the makeup of our brain. This makeup affects our behavior and our abilities.

Dyslexia IS NOT caused by a lack of motivation or by something we did as parents. It is also not a reflection of the child’s intelligence. In fact, most people with dyslexia are very intelligent. These people are often considered experts in certain fields because of the way they process information.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that primarily affects reading and language-based processing skills. Symptoms vary among individuals but typically include difficulties with:

1. Reading Accuracy and Fluency

Children with dyslexia often struggle with accurate and fluent word recognition. It may seem that they learned a word one day, and then not know it the next day. They may read slowly, guess words, or skip lines. For example, a child might read "house" as "horse" or "stop" as "spot." This difficulty can lead to frustration and avoidance of reading activities.

2. Phonological Processing

Phonological processing involves recognizing and manipulating sounds in words. Children with dyslexia might have trouble rhyming, segmenting words into individual sounds, or blending sounds to form words. For instance, they might struggle to break down, or segment, the word "cat" into its individual sounds: /k/, /a/, and /t/. They might also have difficulty blending 3 individual sounds into a word. For example, if they hear the sounds /d/ /o/ /g/, they might have difficulty blending them to produce “dog.” Children are often expected to have these skills by the end of Kindergarten.

3. Spelling

Spelling can be particularly challenging for children with dyslexia. They might spell words phonetically (how they sound). They may also miss, substitute or reverse letters in a word. People with dyslexia often have difficulty applying spelling rules and remembering spelling patterns.

4. Writing

Writing difficulties often accompany dyslexia. Children may have trouble organizing their thoughts, forming letters correctly, and using proper grammar and punctuation. Their writing may appear disorganized and hard to read.

5. Working Memory

Working memory, the ability to hold and manipulate information in the mind, is often weaker in individuals with dyslexia. This can impact their ability to follow multi-step instructions and remember new information. For example, a child might struggle to recall a series of tasks given by a teacher. Additionally, they may have difficulty following the two directions you gave them at home. For example, “Go upstairs to brush your teeth AND put on deodorant.” —> Guaranteed my son with dyslexia comes downstairs without deodorant on. (On the flip side, ask him about any fact about animals, and he’s got you covered…)

Examples of Dyslexia Symptoms in Daily Life

Understanding how dyslexia manifests in daily life can help you recognize the signs in your child. There are many signs and symptoms other than reversing letters and numbers. Overall, children with dyslexia often show a lot of resistance to completing academic work. Here are some real-life scenarios:

• Reading Aloud: When asked to read aloud, a child with dyslexia might hesitate. He may also be resistant to participate, stumble over words, and read at a slower pace than their peers. They might mispronounce words or skip over them entirely.

• Homework: Completing homework can be a daunting task. A child with dyslexia might take a lot longer to finish reading assignments. He may become frustrated with written tasks and asking you to read instructions for them. They may avoid homework altogether.

• Spelling Tests: During spelling tests, a child with dyslexia might spell words with errors, even those they've practiced. They might also struggle to remember spelling rules and patterns.

• Writing Assignments: Writing assignments can be particularly challenging. A child might produce shorter, less detailed written work, struggle with grammar, and make frequent spelling errors.

• Math: Difficulty memorizing math facts.

Treatment and Support for Dyslexia

While dyslexia presents challenges, there are effective treatments and strategies that can help your child. Early intervention and ongoing support are crucial for addressing dyslexia. The correct support will foster a positive learning experience.

1. Structured Literacy Programs

Structured literacy programs, such as Orton-Gillingham and Brain Friendly Reading, are evidence-based approaches that focus on teaching specific reading skills. These skills include phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. These programs are highly effective for children with dyslexia. There are many other programs as well.

2. Support in School

An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or a 504 Plan are the two documents used to customize a plan designed to meet your child's unique educational needs. More information on these to come in future blog posts.

3. Multisensory Instruction

Multisensory instruction engages many senses. These may include visual, auditory, kinesthetic (movement), and tactile (touch) to reinforce learning. For example, using sandpaper letters to trace and feel while saying the letter sounds helps reinforce phonics skills. During this activity, the child is moving, touching, hearing and seeing the letter/sound!

4. Assistive Technology

Assistive technology can be a valuable tool for older children with dyslexia. Text-to-speech software, audiobooks, and speech-to-text programs can make reading and writing more accessible. Tools like these allow children to focus on content rather than decoding words. Therefore, children don’t fall so far behind with learning grade level information in an area such as science. During science class, they're given the assistive technology needed to access the curriculum. Their difficulty with reading does not impede their access to the curriculum.

5. Speech Therapy

Speech therapy can support children with dyslexia by improving their phonological awareness, articulation, and language skills. Speech therapists work on enhancing reading comprehension, vocabulary, and expressive language, which are crucial for academic success.

6. Tutoring and Academic Support

Working with a tutor who specializes in dyslexia can provide your child with targeted instruction. Dyslexia tutors come with a wide variety of training, the most common being tutors trained in Orton-Gillingham. Tutors can reinforce skills taught in school, provide extra practice, and boost your child's confidence.

Celebrating the Strengths of Individuals with Dyslexia

While dyslexia presents challenges, it also comes with unique strengths and talents. Many individuals with dyslexia possess exceptional abilities that deserve recognition and celebration.

1. Creativity and Imagination

Children with dyslexia often have vivid imaginations and strong creative skills. They might excel in areas such as art, music, drama, and storytelling. Encouraging creative expression can boost their confidence.

2. Problem-Solving Skills

Dyslexia can foster strong problem-solving skills. Because children with dyslexia learn to approach tasks in a different way, they are often known to think outside the box. This ability to see problems from unique perspectives is a valuable asset.

3. Spatial Reasoning

Many individuals with dyslexia have excellent spatial reasoning skills. They can visualize objects and spaces in their mind's eye. This makes them adept at tasks involving design, architecture, and engineering. When doing Legos, my dyslexic son can look at a picture of the final structure build it without looking at the directions. I, on the other hand, have to start with Step 1, and go through each step one at a time!

4. Resilience and Determination

The challenges of dyslexia can build resilience and determination. Children with dyslexia learn to persevere through difficulties. They do this by developing coping strategies and building a strong work ethic. These qualities contribute to their long-term success and personal growth.

5. Empathy and Compassion

Experiencing the struggles associated with dyslexia can foster empathy and compassion. Children with dyslexia often become understanding and supportive individuals. They may learn to appreciate diversity and advocate for others facing challenges.

Supporting Your Child at Home

Your role as a parent is crucial in supporting your child's journey with dyslexia. Here are some strategies to create a supportive home environment:

1. Foster a Love of Reading

Encourage a love of reading by providing a variety of reading materials. Reading materials include books, magazines, and audiobooks. Choose materials that align with your child's interests and reading level. Reading together can also be a bonding experience.

2. Create a Structured Routine

Establishing a structured routine helps your child manage their time and reduces anxiety. Make a consistent schedule for homework and reading. This provides a sense of stability and predictability.

3. Celebrate Achievements

Celebrate your child's achievements, no matter how small. Positive reinforcement boosts their confidence and motivates them to continue working hard. Acknowledge their efforts and progress, emphasizing their strengths and unique abilities.

4. Communicate with Educators

Maintain open communication with your child's teachers and support staff. Discuss your child's progress, challenges, and any concerns you may have, on a regular basis. Collaboration between home and school ensures a consistent and supportive learning experience.

5. Encourage Self-Advocacy

Empower your child to advocate for themselves by teaching them to communicate their needs and seek help when necessary. Encourage them to ask questions, express their feelings, and participate in their education.

Resources and Support Networks

There are numerous resources and support networks available to help you and your child navigate dyslexia:

1. National Organizations

• International Dyslexia Association (IDA): Provides resources, research, and support for individuals with dyslexia and their families.

• Dyslexia Foundation: Offers information, advocacy, and resources to support children and adults with dyslexia.

2. Local Support Groups

Look for local support groups and organizations in your community. These groups can provide valuable connections and support from others who understand your experiences.

3. Online Communities

Join online forums and social media groups focused on dyslexia. These communities can offer advice, share experiences, and provide emotional support.

Conclusion

Navigating the journey of raising a child with dyslexia is filled with challenges and triumphs. By understanding dyslexia, seeking support, and celebrating your child's unique strengths, you can help them reach their full potential. Remember to celebrate each milestone, take care of yourself, and lean on the support of others. At Sunflower Speech & Reading, LLC, we are here to support you every step of the way.

If you have any questions or need additional resources, please don't hesitate to reach out to me. Together, we can create a brighter future for your child.

Keywords: dyslexia, speech therapy, reading skills, language development, structured literacy, phonological processing, assistive technology, individualized education plan (IEP)